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The termination of pregnancy by various means, including medical surgery, before the fetus, is able to sustain independent life. Until 1973 abortion was considered a crime (by the mother and the doctor) unless performed by physicians to protect the life of the mother, a phrase often broadly interpreted. Untrained persons performed thousands of abortions each year in the U.S using hasty, unsanitary and dangerous means, resulting in maiming, permanent damage of organs, and death of many women. The supreme court ruled in the case of Roe vs Wade (1973) that a woman had the right to choose abortion to end a pregnancy through the first trimester (three months) of gestation.

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